Finite Temperature Renormalization of the (ϕ3)6(\phi^3)_6- and (ϕ4)4(\phi^4)_4-Models at Zero Momentum

A self-consistent renormalization scheme at finite temperature and zero momentum is used together with the finite temperature renormalization group to study the temperature dependence of the mass and the coupling to one-loop order in the $(\phi^3)_6$- and $(\phi^4)_4$-models. It is found that the critical temperature is shifted relative to the naive one-loop result and the coupling constants at the critical temperature get large corrections. In the high temperature limit of the \phiff-model the coupling decreases.Comment: 16 pages, plain Latex, NORDITA-92/38

Test of QEDPS: A Monte Carlo for the hard photon distributions in e+ e- annihilation proecss

The validity of a photon shower generator QEDPS has been examined in detail. This is formulated based on the leading-logarithmic renormalization equation for the electron structure function and it provides a photon shower along the initial e+-. The main interest in the present work is to test the reliability of the generator to describe a process accompanying hard photons which are detected. For this purpose, by taking the HZ production as the basic reaction, the total cross section and some distributions of the hard photons are compared between two cases that these photons come from either those generated by QEDPS or the hard process e+e- -> H Z gamma gamma. The comparison performed for the single and the double hard photon has shown a satisfactory agreement which demonstrated that the model is self-consistent.Comment: 22 pages, 4 Postscript figures, LaTeX, uses epsf.te

A QED Shower Including the Next-to-leading Logarithm Correction in e+e- Annihilation

We develop an event generator, NLL-QEDPS, based on the QED shower including the next-to-leading logarithm correction in the e^+e^- annihilation. The shower model is the Monte Carlo technique to solve the renormalization group equation so that they can calculate contributions of alpha^m log^n(S/m_e^2) for any m and n systematically. Here alpha is the QED coupling, m_e is the mass of electron and S is the square of the total energy in the e^+e^- system. While the previous QEDPS is limited to the leading logarithm approximation which includes only contributions of (alpha log(S/m_e^2))^n, the model developed here contains terms of alpha(alpha log(S/m_e^2))^n, the the next-to-leading logarithm correction. The shower model is formulated for the initial radiation in the e^+e^- annihilation. The generator based on it gives us events with q^2, which is a virtual mass squared of the virtual photon and/or Z-boson, in accuracy of 0.04%, except for small q^2/S.Comment: 35 pages, 1 figure(eps-file

A New Method for Measuring Tail Exponents of Firm Size Distributions

We propose a new method for estimating the power-law exponents of firm size variables. Our focus is on how to empirically identify a range in which a firm size variable follows a power-law distribution. As is well known, a firm size variable follows a power-law distribution only beyond some threshold. On the other hand, in almost all empirical exercises, the right end part of a distribution deviates from a power-law due to finite size effect. We modify the method proposed by Malevergne et al. (2011) so that we can identify both of the lower and the upper thresholds and then estimate the power-law exponent using observations only in the range defined by the two thresholds. We apply this new method to various firm size variables, including annual sales, the number of workers, and tangible fixed assets for firms in more than thirty countries.Econophysics, power-law distributions, power-law exponents, firm size variables, finite size effect

String tension and glueball masses of SU(2) QCD from perfect action for monopoles and strings

We study the perfect monopole action as an infrared effective theory of SU(2) QCD. It is transformed exactly into a lattice string model. Since the monopole interactions are weak in the infrared SU(2) QCD, the string interactions become strong. The strong coupling expansion of string model shows the quantum fluctuation is small. The classical string tension is estimated analytically, and we see it is very close to the quantum one in the SU(2) QCD. We also discuss how to calculate the glueball mass in our model.Comment: LATTICE99(Confinement), 3 pages and 1 EPS figure

The origin of HE0107-5240 and the production of O and Na in extremely metal-poor stars

We elaborate the binary scenario for the origin of HE0107-5240, the most metal-poor star yet observed ([Fe/H] = -5.3), using current knowledge of the evolution of extremely metal-poor stars. From the observed C/N value, we estimate the binary separation and period. Nucleosynthesis in a helium convective zone into which hydrogen has been injected allows us to discuss the origin of surface O and Na as well as the abundance distribution of s-process elements. We can explain the observed abundances of 12C, 13C, N, O, and Na and predict future observations to validate the Pop III nature of HE0107-5240.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of the conference, "Nuclei in the Cosmos VIII", Nuclear Physics A in pres

The study of excited oxygen molecule gas species production and quenching on thermal protection system materials

The detection of excited oxygen and ozone molecules formed by surface catalyzed oxygen atom recombination and reaction was investigated by laser induced fluorescence (LIF), molecular beam mass spectrometric (MBMS), and field ionization (FI) techniques. The experiment used partially dissociated oxygen flows from a microwave discharge at pressures in the range from 60 to 400 Pa or from an inductively coupled RF discharge at atmospheric pressure. The catalyst materials investigated were nickel and the reaction cured glass coating used for Space Shuttle reusable surface insulation tiles. Nonradiative loss processes for the laser excited states makes LIF detection of O2 difficult such that formation of excited oxygen molecules could not be detected in the flow from the microwave discharge or in the gaseous products of atom loss on nickel. MBMS experiments showed that ozone was a product of heterogeneous O atom loss on nickel and tile surfaces at low temperatures and that ozone is lost on these materials at elevated temperatures. FI was separately investigated as a method by which excited oxygen molecules may be conveniently detected. Partial O2 dissociation decreases the current produced by FI of the gas